Question: Describe the pattern of inheritance that is most likely associated with a mutation?
The pattern of inheritance most commonly associated with a mutation depends on the type of genetic change and how it is passed down. Here are the main inheritance patterns linked to mutations:
Autosomal Dominant: A mutation in just one copy of a gene (in a non-sex chromosome) is enough to cause a condition. Example: Huntington’s disease.
Autosomal Recessive: Both copies of a gene must have mutations for the trait to appear. Carriers (with one mutated and one normal gene) do not show symptoms. Example: Cystic fibrosis.
X-Linked Inheritance: The mutation occurs in a gene on the X chromosome. Males (XY) are more affected than females (XX) since they have only one X chromosome. Example: Hemophilia.
Mitochondrial Inheritance: Mutations in mitochondrial DNA are passed down only from the mother, since mitochondria are inherited maternally. Example: Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy.
De Novo Mutations: These arise spontaneously and are not inherited from parents but occur in an individual’s genetic material during early development. Example: Some forms of autism spectrum disorders.
The specific inheritance pattern determines how the mutation spreads through generations and affects individuals.
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