What is irrigation describe two method of irrigation which conserve water?

Question: What is irrigation describe two method of irrigation which conserve water?

Irrigation is the process of applying water to crops or plants to help them grow. It is very important for agriculture, especially in areas where rainfall is not enough or unpredictable. Irrigation can also improve the quality and quantity of the harvest, prevent soil erosion, and control weeds and pests.

There are many methods of irrigation, but some of them use a lot of water and can cause problems like waterlogging, salinization, and groundwater depletion. Therefore, it is essential to use irrigation methods that conserve water and use it efficiently. Two such methods are:

- Drip irrigation: This method delivers water directly to the roots of the plants through a network of pipes, tubes, valves, and emitters. It reduces water loss due to evaporation, runoff, or leakage, and also saves energy and fertilizer. Drip irrigation can increase crop yield by 20 to 90 percent and save up to 60 percent of water compared to other methods.

- Sprinkler irrigation: This method mimics natural rainfall by spraying water over the plants through sprinklers or nozzles attached to pipes or hoses. It can cover a large area with uniform water distribution and can be adjusted according to the crop type, soil type, and weather conditions. Sprinkler irrigation can save up to 30 percent of water compared to surface irrigation methods like flood or furrow irrigation.