1. The major components of the photosynthesis reactions are large complexes of proteins, pigments, and cofactors embedded in a membrane; these complexes are called 2. describe the basic structure of the chlorophyll molecule. 3. what part of the chlorophyll structure allows the molecule to absorb light? 4. describe the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll. 5. name the three states of chlorophyll 6. describe the chlorophyll composition of a typical photosystem. 7. name the accessory pigments of photosynthesis 8. describe the structure of the photosystem ii of bacteria. 9. describe the process of electron transfer in the photosystem ii and how this results in the 9 synthesis of atp 10. when the?


Question: 1. The major components of the photosynthesis reactions are large complexes of proteins, pigments, and cofactors embedded in a membrane; these complexes are called 2. describe the basic structure of the chlorophyll molecule. 3. what part of the chlorophyll structure allows the molecule to absorb light? 4. describe the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll. 5. name the three states of chlorophyll 6. describe the chlorophyll composition of a typical photosystem. 7. name the accessory pigments of photosynthesis 8. describe the structure of the photosystem ii of bacteria. 9. describe the process of electron transfer in the photosystem ii and how this results in the 9 synthesis of atp 10. when the?

  1. The major components of the photosynthesis reactions are large complexes of proteins, pigments, and cofactors embedded in a membrane; these complexes are called photosystems.

  2. The basic structure of the chlorophyll molecule consists of a porphyrin ring with a central magnesium atom. The porphyrin ring is a planar structure made up of four pyrrole rings. The magnesium atom is coordinated to four nitrogen atoms in the pyrrole rings. The chlorophyll molecule also has a long hydrocarbon tail that allows it to embed in the thylakoid membrane.

  3. The part of the chlorophyll structure that allows the molecule to absorb light is the porphyrin ring. The porphyrin ring contains a system of conjugated double bonds, which allows it to absorb light in the visible spectrum.

  4. The absorption spectrum for chlorophyll shows that it absorbs light most strongly in the blue and red regions of the spectrum. This is why chlorophyll appears green; it reflects green light, which is the least absorbed wavelength of light.

  5. The three states of chlorophyll are:

    • Chlorophyll a: This is the most abundant type of chlorophyll and is the primary light-harvesting pigment in photosynthesis.
    • Chlorophyll b: This type of chlorophyll is less abundant than chlorophyll a and absorbs light at slightly different wavelengths.
    • Chlorophyll c: This type of chlorophyll is found in algae and some bacteria. It absorbs light at even different wavelengths than chlorophyll a and b.
  6. The chlorophyll composition of a typical photosystem is as follows:

    • Chlorophyll a: This is the primary light-harvesting pigment in photosystems.
    • Accessory pigments: These pigments absorb light at different wavelengths than chlorophyll a and transfer the energy to chlorophyll a. Accessory pigments include carotenoids and phycobilins.
  7. The accessory pigments of photosynthesis are:

    • Carotenoids: These pigments are yellow, orange, or red in color and are found in all photosynthetic organisms.
    • Phycobilins: These pigments are blue or green in color and are found in cyanobacteria and algae.
  8. The structure of the photosystem II of bacteria is similar to the structure of the photosystem II of plants. However, there are some key differences. For example, the bacterial photosystem II does not contain chlorophyll b or phycobilins. Instead, it contains bacteriochlorophyll a, which is a type of chlorophyll that absorbs light at different wavelengths than chlorophyll a.

  9. The process of electron transfer in photosystem II is as follows:

    1. A photon of light hits the photosystem and is absorbed by chlorophyll a.
    2. The energy from the photon is transferred to an electron, which is excited to a higher energy level.
    3. The excited electron is then transferred to a series of electron carriers, including the primary electron acceptor and the plastoquinone pool.
    4. As the electron is transferred through the electron carriers, it loses energy. This energy is used to pump protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen.
    5. The electron is eventually transferred to NADP+, which is reduced to NADPH.

The production of ATP is coupled to the electron transfer chain in photosystem II. As protons are pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen, a proton gradient is created. This proton gradient drives the ATP synthase, which produces ATP from ADP and Pi.

  1. When the electron is transferred to NADP+, it is reduced to NADPH. NADPH is a high-energy molecule that is used in the Calvin cycle to produce sugar.
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