Describe the overall changes in matter that occur during the light-independent reactions. what does the plant start with and what does it end with? what is the source of energy that powers this change?
Question: Describe the overall changes in matter that occur during the light-independent reactions. what does the plant start with and what does it end with? what is the source of energy that powers this change?
During the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, the plant starts with carbon dioxide and water. It uses the energy from ATP and the reducing power from NADPH, produced in the light-dependent reactions, to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. This process is also known as the Calvin cycle.
The overall changes in matter that occur during the light-independent reactions can be summarized in the following equation:
6CO2 + 12H2O + energy from ATP and NADPH → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2
The source of energy that powers the light-independent reactions is the ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions. The light-dependent reactions use light energy to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen atoms are then used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH, and the energy released from this process is used to produce ATP.
The products of the light-independent reactions are glucose and oxygen. Glucose is the main source of energy for plants, and oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is released into the atmosphere.
The following is a more detailed description of the steps involved in the light-independent reactions:
- Carbon fixation: Carbon dioxide is fixed into a stable organic molecule, 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA). This process requires ATP and NADPH.
- Reduction: 3-PGA is reduced to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). This process requires NADPH.
- Regeneration: G3P is used to regenerate the carbon dioxide acceptor molecule, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). This process requires ATP.
Once RuBP is regenerated, the cycle can begin again.
The light-independent reactions are essential for plant survival. They produce the glucose that plants need for energy, and they also release oxygen into the atmosphere. Oxygen is essential for life on Earth, so the light-independent reactions play a vital role in the global ecosystem.
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