Which of the following factors affect the magnitude of the lattice energy for an ionic compound? select all that apply.
Question: Which of the following factors affect the magnitude of the lattice energy for an ionic compound? select all that apply.
The following factors affect the magnitude of the lattice energy for an ionic compound:
- The charges of the ions: The greater the charges on the ions, the stronger the electrostatic attraction between them, and the higher the lattice energy. For example, the lattice energy of NaCl is greater than the lattice energy of KCl because the Na+ ion has a charge of +1 and the Cl- ion has a charge of -1, while the K+ ion has a charge of +1 and the Cl- ion has a charge of -1.
- The sizes of the ions: The smaller the ions, the closer they can pack together in the crystal lattice, and the stronger the electrostatic attraction between them, and the higher the lattice energy. For example, the lattice energy of MgO is greater than the lattice energy of NaCl because the Mg2+ ion is smaller than the Na+ ion.
- The polarizability of the ions: The more polarizable the ions, the more easily they can be distorted by the electric field of the other ions in the crystal lattice. This distortion reduces the electrostatic repulsion between the ions and increases the lattice energy. For example, the lattice energy of CsI is greater than the lattice energy of CsF because the I- ion is more polarizable than the F- ion.
All of the above factors can affect the magnitude of the lattice energy for an ionic compound.
Here are some examples of how these factors can affect the lattice energy of ionic compounds:
- Charges of the ions:
- MgO has a higher lattice energy than NaCl because the Mg2+ and O2- ions have charges of +2 and -2 respectively, while the Na+ and Cl- ions have charges of +1 and -1 respectively.
- Sizes of the ions:
- MgO has a higher lattice energy than Li2O because the Mg2+ ion is smaller than the Li+ ion.
- Polarizability of the ions:
- CsI has a higher lattice energy than CsF because the I- ion is more polarizable than the F- ion.
It is important to note that the lattice energy is a measure of the overall electrostatic attraction between the ions in a crystal lattice. It is not a measure of the strength of the individual ionic bonds.
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