Describe the most likely cause of the amino acid substitution?

Question: Describe the most likely cause of the amino acid substitution?

The most likely cause of an amino acid substitution is a point mutation in the DNA sequence. Specifically, this occurs when a single nucleotide changes, leading to an altered codon in the mRNA. If this new codon codes for a different amino acid, the protein sequence is modified, which can impact its function.

Types of Point Mutations Leading to Amino Acid Substitution:

Missense Mutation: A single nucleotide change results in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein. Example: Sickle cell disease is caused by a missense mutation in the hemoglobin gene.

Nonsense Mutation: A substitution creates a premature stop codon, leading to an incomplete, non-functional protein.

Frameshift Mutation (sometimes leading to substitution): Insertions or deletions of nucleotides shift the reading frame, altering multiple amino acids downstream.

Possible Consequences:

Neutral or Beneficial: Some substitutions have little or no effect on protein function or might even enhance it.

Harmful: Some substitutions disrupt protein structure or function, potentially leading to diseases.