Question: Describe one outcome that would demonstrate that a given population has evolved?
One clear outcome that demonstrates evolution in a given population is a change in allele frequencies over generations. If certain genetic traits become more common while others decline due to natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, or gene flow, it indicates that evolution has occurred.
For example:
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria: If a population of bacteria is exposed to antibiotics, some may have mutations allowing them to survive and reproduce. Over generations, resistant strains become dominant, proving evolution in action.
Color changes in moths: The classic case of peppered moths in industrial areas shows how environmental pressures led to a shift in coloration for better camouflage.
Beak size changes in finches: Observations of Darwin’s finches show how different beak shapes evolved based on available food sources, demonstrating adaptation.
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