How were the land reforms implemented in china?

Question: How were the land reforms implemented in china?

The land reform in China was one of the most ambitious and controversial changes to Chinese society in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The reforms were implemented in three phases - distribution, consolidation, and protection. 

In the first phase, the Chinese government confiscated and redistributed land. All landlords' land holdings were confiscated, as were properties of foreign nationals, religious estates, and land owned by criminal organizations. Land was then equally divided among all rural households, with each family receiving approximately one acre of land (this varied from region to region). All tenants and hired laborers were given more rights over the land that had previously been available to them. 

In the second phase, the Chinese government encouraged farmers to combine their plots of land into communal farms, and provided incentives for those who did, such as lower rents and access to improved farming methods. 

In the third and final phase, the Chinese government implemented protection and subsidies for farmers, to ensure they kept their land and to ensure their production flourished. These included restrictions on the sale and transfer of land, access to credit, subsidies for fertilizer and agricultural equipment, and improved infrastructure, such as irrigation systems and electricity.