Explain the structure of benzene and give its important chemical reactions?

 

Question: Explain the structure of benzene and give its important chemical reactions?

The structure of benzene consists of six carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal ring, with each carbon atom bonded to two neighboring carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom. The alternating double bonds in the ring create a resonance structure that distributes the electron density evenly across all the carbon atoms, making the molecule more stable. Some important chemical reactions of benzene include electrophilic substitution reactions, such as nitration, sulfonation, and halogenation, where an electrophile (electron-deficient species) replaces a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring. Another important reaction is hydrogenation, where benzene is treated with hydrogen gas and a catalyst to produce cyclohexane, a saturated hydrocarbon.

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