Explain surface wave and sky wave propagation of radio waves?

Question: Explain surface wave and sky wave propagation of radio waves?

Surface wave propagation occurs when radio waves are guided along the surface of the Earth, which limits their range to a few hundred kilometers. On the other hand, sky wave propagation occurs when radio waves are reflected off the ionosphere and redirected back to Earth, allowing them to travel long distances. This makes sky wave propagation useful for long-distance communication, but the strength and quality of the signal can be affected by various factors such as the frequency of the radio wave, the time of day, and the state of the ionosphere. Sky wave propagation is commonly used in shortwave radio communication, as well as in amateur radio and aviation communication.

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