Question: Explain the construction and working of a moving coil galvanometer?
A moving coil galvanometer is an instrument used to measure small electrical currents. It consists of a rectangular coil of wire suspended by a thin torsion wire between the poles of a permanent magnet. The coil is made up of a large number of turns of thin insulated wire and is wound on a non-conducting frame.
When a current flows through the coil, a torque is produced on it due to the interaction between the magnetic field of the coil and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet. This torque causes the coil to rotate about its suspension wire, and the amount of rotation is proportional to the current flowing through the coil.
The rotation of the coil is opposed by a spring which provides a restoring torque. The amount of current flowing through the coil can be measured by attaching a pointer to the coil and reading the deflection on a calibrated scale. The galvanometer can also be connected to other electrical components to form various measuring instruments, such as ammeters and voltmeters.
In summary, a moving coil galvanometer works on the principle of the interaction between magnetic fields. The current flowing through the coil produces a torque on it, causing it to rotate, and the amount of rotation is proportional to the current flowing through the coil.
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