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How can one distinguish between igneous rock and sedimentary rock with the naked eye?

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Question: How can one distinguish between igneous rock and sedimentary rock with the naked eye?

If you are interested in geology, you might want to know how to identify different types of rocks. One of the most common questions is how to distinguish between igneous rock and sedimentary rock with the naked eye. Here are some tips to help you.


Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. They have a crystalline texture, meaning that they are composed of interlocking mineral crystals. The size of the crystals depends on how fast the magma or lava cooled. If it cooled quickly, the crystals are small and hard to see. If it cooled slowly, the crystals are large and easy to see.


Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation and lithification of sediments, which can be fragments of pre-existing rocks, organic matter, or minerals precipitated from solutions. They have a clastic texture, meaning that they are composed of pieces of different sizes and shapes. The size of the pieces depends on how far they were transported by water, wind, or ice. If they were transported far, they are small and rounded. If they were transported near, they are large and angular.


Another way to tell igneous rocks from sedimentary rocks is to look for fossils. Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of once-living organisms. They can only be found in sedimentary rocks, because igneous rocks are too hot to preserve any organic matter. Fossils can be shells, bones, teeth, tracks, burrows, or impressions.


A third way to tell igneous rocks from sedimentary rocks is to look for layers. Layers are horizontal bands of different colors or textures that indicate different periods of deposition. They are also called strata or beds. Layers can only be found in sedimentary rocks, because igneous rocks are homogeneous and do not show any variation in composition or structure.


To summarize, igneous rocks have a crystalline texture, no fossils, and no layers. Sedimentary rocks have a clastic texture, may contain fossils, and may show layers.

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