Predict whether the following substituents would be ortho, meta, or para directing in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. briefly explain your reasoning.

Question: Predict whether the following substituents would be ortho, meta, or para directing in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. briefly explain your reasoning.

Substituents with electron-donating groups such as -NH2, -OH, and -OR are typically ortho-para directing. This is because these groups donate electron density to the ring, which increases the electron density at the ortho and para positions, making them more nucleophilic and therefore more susceptible to attack by electrophiles. In contrast, substituents with electron-withdrawing groups such as -NO2, -CN, and -COOH are typically meta-directing, as they withdraw electron density from the ring, which reduces the nucleophilicity of the ortho and para positions and increases the nucleophilicity of the meta position.

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