Question: Which of the following measures of dispersion is affected by extreme values?
The following measures of dispersion are affected by extreme values:
- Range: The range is the difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set. Extreme values can significantly increase the range, making it a less reliable measure of dispersion when there are outliers in the data.
- Variance: The variance is a measure of how spread out the values in a data set are from the mean. Extreme values can increase the variance, making it a less reliable measure of dispersion when there are outliers in the data.
- Standard deviation: The standard deviation is the square root of the variance. It is also affected by extreme values.
The following measures of dispersion are not affected by extreme values:
- Median: The median is the middle value in a data set when the values are ordered from least to greatest. Extreme values do not affect the median because they are not included in the middle of the ordered data set.
- Interquartile range (IQR): The IQR is the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile of a data set. The third quartile is the middle value in the upper half of the ordered data set, and the first quartile is the middle value in the lower half of the ordered data set. Extreme values do not affect the IQR because they are not included in either the upper half or the lower half of the ordered data set.
When choosing a measure of dispersion, it is important to consider whether or not there are outliers in the data. If there are outliers, it is best to choose a measure of dispersion that is not affected by extreme values, such as the median or IQR.
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