Which terms describe two atoms when they form a bond in which electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other?


Question: Which terms describe two atoms when they form a bond in which electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other?

Two atoms that form a bond in which electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other form an ionic bond. The atom that loses electrons becomes a cation, and the atom that gains electrons becomes an anion.

For example, when sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) react to form sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium transfers one electron to chlorine. Sodium becomes a cation with a charge of +1 (Na+), and chlorine becomes an anion with a charge of -1 (Cl-). The oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces, forming an ionic bond.

Ionic bonds are typically formed between metals and nonmetals. Metals have relatively few valence electrons, which they are easily willing to lose. Nonmetals have relatively many valence electrons, which they are easily willing to gain.

Other terms that describe two atoms when they form an ionic bond include:

  • Donor and acceptor: The atom that donates electrons is the donor, and the atom that accepts electrons is the acceptor.
  • Electropositive and electronegative: Metals are electropositive, meaning they have a tendency to lose electrons. Nonmetals are electronegative, meaning they have a tendency to gain electrons.
  • Oxidizing and reducing agents: An oxidizing agent is a substance that accepts electrons, and a reducing agent is a substance that donates electrons. In an ionic bond formation, the atom that gains electrons is the oxidizing agent, and the atom that loses electrons is the reducing agent.

Ionic bonds are strong bonds, and they are responsible for the formation of many common compounds, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium carbonate.

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