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Why is an open circulatory system less efficient than a closed circulatory system?

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Question: Why is an open circulatory system less efficient than a closed circulatory system?

An open circulatory system is less efficient than a closed circulatory system because it does not allow precise control over blood flow and distribution. In an open circulatory system, the blood (or hemolymph) flows freely through body cavities called hemocoel, and is in direct contact with the tissues and organs. This means that the blood pressure is low, the blood flow is slow, and the exchange of nutrients and gases is not regulated. In contrast, a closed circulatory system has a network of blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body. The blood is separate from the interstitial fluid, and the blood pressure is high. The blood flow can be adjusted by the contraction and relaxation of blood vessels, and the exchange of nutrients and gases is mediated by tissue fluid. A closed circulatory system also allows the presence of respiratory pigments that enhance oxygen transport. Therefore, a closed circulatory system is more efficient than an open circulatory system in delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells, and removing waste products from them.

 

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