At what temperature celsius does water boil?

Question: At what temperature celsius does water boil?

If you are curious about the science behind everyday phenomena, you might have wondered at what temperature celsius does water boil. In this blog post, we will explore the answer to this question and explain the factors that affect it.

Water is a liquid that can change its state to gas or solid depending on the temperature and pressure. When water is heated, its molecules gain kinetic energy and move faster. At some point, the molecules have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces that hold them together and escape from the liquid surface. This process is called evaporation.

Evaporation can happen at any temperature, but it is more noticeable when the water is hot. However, evaporation is not the same as boiling. Boiling is a special case of evaporation where the water molecules escape from the entire volume of the liquid, not just the surface. This creates bubbles of water vapor that rise to the top and burst.

Boiling occurs when the vapor pressure of the water equals the atmospheric pressure. Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by the water molecules in the gas phase. Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of the air above the water. The higher the atmospheric pressure, the more energy the water molecules need to escape and boil.

The standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is about 101.3 kilopascals (kPa). Under this condition, pure water boils at 100 degrees celsius. However, if you go to a higher altitude, where the atmospheric pressure is lower, water will boil at a lower temperature. For example, at 5 kilometers above sea level, where the atmospheric pressure is about 54 kPa, water boils at 81 degrees celsius.

Conversely, if you increase the atmospheric pressure, water will boil at a higher temperature. This can be achieved by using a device called a pressure cooker, which traps steam inside and raises the pressure. A typical pressure cooker can reach a pressure of about 200 kPa, which raises the boiling point of water to 121 degrees celsius.

Another factor that affects the boiling point of water is the presence of dissolved substances, such as salt or sugar. These substances lower the vapor pressure of water by reducing the number of water molecules that can escape. This means that more energy is needed to make the water boil. For example, adding 58 grams of salt to one liter of water raises its boiling point by about 0.5 degrees celsius.

In summary, at what temperature celsius does water boil depends on the atmospheric pressure and the amount of dissolved substances in it. The standard boiling point of pure water at sea level is 100 degrees celsius, but it can vary depending on these factors.

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