The nitrogenous base found in messenger rna but not in dna?


Question: The nitrogenous base found in messenger rna but not in dna?

# The Nitrogenous Base Found in Messenger RNA But Not in DNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where it is used to direct the synthesis of proteins. mRNA is composed of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of nucleic acids. Each nucleotide consists of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar (ribose in RNA), and a nitrogenous base.


There are four types of nitrogenous bases in RNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). Adenine, cytosine, and guanine are also found in DNA, but uracil is unique to RNA. Uracil is a pyrimidine base, which means it has a single ring structure, similar to thymine (T), the base that it replaces in DNA. Uracil can form two hydrogen bonds with adenine, just like thymine does in DNA.


The reason why RNA has uracil instead of thymine is not fully understood, but there are some possible explanations. One is that uracil is cheaper and easier to synthesize than thymine, since it does not require an extra methyl group. Another is that uracil can be more easily repaired or removed if it gets damaged by chemical or physical agents. A third is that uracil can prevent unwanted DNA-RNA hybridization, which could interfere with gene expression.


Uracil plays an important role in mRNA function and regulation. For example, uracil can be modified by enzymes to form pseudouridine, which enhances the stability and folding of mRNA. Uracil can also be involved in mRNA splicing, editing, and degradation, which are processes that modify the mRNA sequence or lifespan.

In summary, uracil is the nitrogenous base found in mRNA but not in DNA. It is a pyrimidine base that pairs with adenine and has several advantages over thymine for RNA function and regulation.


References:

- Flexi Says: Though both RNA and DNA contain the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine and cytosine, RNA contains the nitrogenous base **uracil** instead of thymine. Uracil pairs with adenine in RNA, just as thymine pairs with adenine in DNA. Uracil and thymine have very similar structures; uracil is an unmethylated form of thymine. 

- Chemical Structure of RNA By: Suzanne Clancy, Ph.D. © 2008 Nature Education Citation: Clancy, S. (2008) Chemical structure of RNA. Nature Education 7 (1) :60 

- Uracil is among the five nitrogenous bases like adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine,but is only found in RNA. It is a naturally occurring pyrimidine derivative with the molecular formula C4H4N2O2. Uracil is planar and unsaturated and has the ability to absorb light. It binds to adenine via 2 hydrogen bonds but is replaced by thymine in DNA. 

- One of the main differences between RNA and DNA lies in the nitrogenous bases they contain. DNA consists of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). RNA, on the other hand, also contains adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G), but instead of thymine, it has uracil (U). 

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