What do you understand by inductive effect what are its type give example?

Question: What do you understand by inductive effect what are its type give example?

The inductive effect refers to the polarization of sigma bonds within a molecule caused by the electronegativity difference between atoms. It results in a partial charge distribution across the molecule. There are two types: the +I effect, where electron density is donated by an atom or group towards the rest of the molecule, and the -I effect, where electron density is withdrawn. An example of the +I effect is seen in alkyl groups, like methyl (CH3-), which donate electron density towards a chain. Conversely, the -I effect is exhibited by groups like nitro (NO2), which withdraw electron density.

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