What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock?


Question: What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock?

The primary difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks lies in their formation and cooling processes:


1. Intrusive Igneous Rocks:

   - Formation: These rocks form from magma that cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface.

   - Cooling Rate: They cool slowly due to the insulating effect of the surrounding rock.

   - Crystal Size: Slow cooling allows large crystals to form, making these rocks coarse-grained. Granite is a common example.


2. Extrusive Igneous Rocks:

   - Formation: These rocks form from lava that cools and solidifies on the Earth's surface.

   - Cooling Rate: They cool quickly because they are exposed to the atmosphere or water.

   - Crystal Size: Rapid cooling results in small crystals, making these rocks fine-grained or glassy. Basalt is a typical example.

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