Hat are ideal and non ideal solution give one example of each?

Question: Hat are ideal and non ideal solution give one example of each?

Ideal Solutions

An ideal solution is one that obeys Raoult's Law across all concentrations. This means that the partial vapor pressure of each component in the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction. There is no change in enthalpy and volume upon mixing, and the interactions between molecules of different components are similar to the interactions between molecules of the same component.

Example: A mixture of benzene and toluene is an ideal solution because the intermolecular forces between benzene and toluene molecules are similar to those between benzene molecules themselves or toluene molecules themselves.

Non-Ideal Solutions

A non-ideal solution does not obey Raoult's Law throughout the entire range of concentrations. In these solutions, the intermolecular interactions between different components are either stronger or weaker than those between like molecules, leading to deviations from ideality. This can cause either a positive or negative deviation from Raoult's Law.

Example: A mixture of ethanol and water is a non-ideal solution because the hydrogen bonding between water and ethanol molecules is stronger than the interactions between like molecules, leading to a significant deviation from Raoult's Law.

These concepts are crucial in understanding the behavior of solutions in various chemical processes.

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