Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed?

Question: Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed?

Seed dispersal is the process by which plants spread their offspring away from their parent location. This helps to avoid competition, predation, and inbreeding, and also facilitates colonization of new habitats. There are different methods of seed dispersal, such as:

- Wind dispersal: Some seeds have adaptations that allow them to be carried by the wind, such as wings, hairs, or parachutes. Examples of wind-dispersed seeds are dandelions, maples, and cottonwoods.

- Water dispersal: Some seeds can float on water and travel long distances by rivers, streams, or ocean currents. Examples of water-dispersed seeds are coconuts, mangroves, and water lilies.

- Animal dispersal: Some seeds have adaptations that attract animals to eat them or carry them. For example, some seeds have fleshy fruits that are edible and nutritious for animals, and some seeds have hooks or spines that attach to animal fur or feathers. Examples of animal-dispersed seeds are berries, nuts, and burrs.

- Mechanical dispersal: Some seeds have adaptations that allow them to be ejected from the plant by force. For example, some seeds have pods that split open when dry and release the seeds with a spring-like action. Examples of mechanically-dispersed seeds are peas, beans, and squirting cucumbers.