Explain the process of hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis.

Question: Explain the process of hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis.

Spermatogenesis is the process by which spermatozoa are produced from spermatogonial stem cells through a series of intricate and highly regulated steps. This process is controlled by a hormonal axis involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the testes. It begins with the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). LH acts on Leydig cells in the testes to promote testosterone production, which is crucial for the later stages of spermatogenesis. FSH works alongside testosterone to stimulate Sertoli cells, which in turn support and nourish developing sperm cells. The balance between these hormones is critical for the proper progression of spermatogenesis and any disruption can lead to fertility issues.

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